Dark Matter is Nonsense

There is no dark matter. It does not exist. There is no need for anything such as dark matter. There is no such thing as Modified Newtonian Dynamics either. It is complete nonsense. The difficulty in trying to expose the dark matter silliness is that dark matter is really an antithesis that is being presented as a theses. Neil deGrasse Tyson puts it best in saying that dark matter doesn’t exist; it is just that we cannot explain certain phenomena and therefore make up this thing we call dark matter until we can figure out what is going on. This statement by Dr Tyson is absolutely correct. I’ll paraphrase that by saying that there is no dark matter; physicists just don’t understand gravity. Actually I have found many physicists who actually do understand gravity and insist that dark matter does not exist because they understand gravity and how it works. Nevertheless, in much of what is being presented to the public, there is a ton of stuff physicists don’t understand and any time a physicist doesn’t understand something he/she states that this is further proof of the existence of dark matter.  It is not science.

There are phenomena that are today presented as being outside the bounds of science that are used to suggest the existence of exotic material or some new theory of physics. They are, according to Sabine Hossenfelder (Dark Matter or What? https://youtu.be/FN2d2cmi_Gk):

    1. Behaviour of galactic clusters.
        - the Coma Cluster (1933 paper from Zwicky).
    2. Galaxy rotation curves.
        - flat velocity rotation curves.
        - galaxies spin too fast (1927 paper from Oort).
    3. Gravitational lensing.
        - around galactic clusters (Abel 1689).
    4. Cosmic Microwave Background
        - the anomalies
    5. Cosmic structure of material
        - Lambda Cold Dark Matter theory

The overall conclusion to this is that the Einstein Field Equations are wrong. However, Einstein was right, the field equations are fine and the above so-called data and evidence is bunk.

Obviously I am going to have to go through each and every one of these postulates/data/evidence/whatever and show how they are complete nonsense. Some are incorrect, some are inane and some are just bald-faced lies and faked data.

So let’s start with galactic clusters. The exemplary galactic cluster in this regard is the Coma Cluster in the constellation of Coma Berenices, near the north Galactic Pole, the north pole of the galaxy. A cluster of galaxies is a collection of roughly a thousand galaxies that appear to be gravitationally self bound and form an isolated cluster of galaxies within the expanse of space. The Coma Cluster is believed to be about 321 light years away. Zwicky estimated the cluster was about 45 million light years away. That is the first discrepancy that arouses interest.

Please note that Zwicky’s paper, “The Redshift of Extragalactic Nebulae”, written in 1933, is the standard and definitive paper for the existence of dark matter as a result of observed behaviour of galaxies within galactic clusters. The basis of understanding this behaviour is the Virial Theorem, which, according to Zwicky quoting Einstein and deSitter, is that the kinetic energy of a system in equilibrium is half of its potential energy. And that is correct.

Zwicky then counts about 800 galaxies within the cluster, which seems reasonable. Then he assumes that these 800 galaxies are enclosed in a sphere having a diameter of about two million light years. Or a radius of about one million light years. And whoa! Right there! A million light years? Just a second. There are about 2.4 million light years between us and our sister galaxy, the Andromeda Galaxy, or M31. Also our galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy are each about 300,000 light years across. Maybe 250,000 light years. So we are expected to believe that 800 galaxies, each about 250,000 light years across, are going to fit in a space between ourselves and the Andromeda Galaxy? Maybe eight to 10 galaxies all touching each other, not 800. Taking a rough guess, Zwicky is out by an order of magnitude there. Let’s call it that a value of R, (radius of the enclosing sphere of the cluster), to be about 10 million light years and we are starting to approach something reasonable. It is not that Zwicky was deliberately lying, it is that it was 1933 and galaxies were not acknowledged as existing until 1922, 11 years earlier. So we find that Zwicky is out by an order of magnitude, a factor of 10, before we proceed farther.
Reading on in the paper, he states that these galaxies have a mass of a billion stars each having the same mass as the Sun. Whoa again! Galaxies don’t have a mass of a billion solar masses; they have masses a hundred times that if we ignore silly things like dark matter. So Zwicky is out by two orders of magnitude regarding the mass of galaxies.

So Zwicky is out by an order of magnitude in the size of the cluster and out by two orders of magnitude regarding the mass of each galaxy. Plugging everything into Zwicky’s equations in this paper, equations resulting from the Virial Theorem, we get an average velocity of the galaxies of about 1200 kilometres per second for each galaxy, which seems about right, not ten kilometres per second as calculated by Zwicky. From his 10 kilometres per second calculation, based on incorrect values for the size of the cluster and mass of galaxies, Zwicky concludes that there needs to be more mass for each galaxy for the Virial Theorem to be true and applicable for this cluster. In reality, Zwicky states that the average velocity should be just over 1000 kilometres per second, and that’s what it is.

This is more than just saying that Zwicky was wrong. Much more. It means that Zwicky has proven, irrefutably, that there is not one iota of dark matter in the Coma Cluster. Period.

Another galactic cluster is the Bullet Cluster which, at one time, was touted as a candidate for the proof of the existence of dark matter. But again, the values used in calculations were completely wrong and the Bullet is no longer being touted as a candidate for dark matter, it’s actually being touted as a candidate for the non-existence of dark matter according to Dr. Hossenfelder.

Friends, we are out of candidates showing that dark matter must exist because of the motion of galaxies within said clusters. If you just plug in the correct values into the correct formulae, you prove all is well with the universe and all is well with Einstein’s theories regarding gravitation. This is not just a case of the urbane; it is a case of people not checking the very foundation of absurd and nonsensical claims. However, it is a form of falsifying and misrepresenting data. You can check it yourself.